#449008
"P" got used as the abbreviation for both Preview and Premium cards. (I'm not sure Decipher ever referred to "Promo" cards.)
So the First Anthology cards are Premium (you got the fixed pack of six in every box), and also Preview (they're white-bordered versions of cards that would be released in later sets). The ones from DS9 and the Dominion are Preview, but not Premium (no guarantee you'll get one). And the others you listed are Premium, but not Preview.
But wait! There's more!
Warp Pack had 12 white-bordered cards, 7 from Premiere (effectively indistinguishable from the 1995 "Beta" print of Premiere), 4 from Alternate Universe (effectively white-border previews, as the set was not out yet), and 1 from the Introductory Two-Player Game (effectively a preview, but also indistinguishable from the later product where it was also white-bordered). According to Decipher these all held a Common rarity.
The Introductory Two-Player Game was just weird. The two decks are white-bordered and the two Premium packs are black-bordered. Spock is also Premium, but he's part of the Federation deck so he gets a white border. There are a number of Commons reprinted from Alternate Universe with white borders. And there are a number of missions exclusive to this set, white-bordered because they too are part of the decks, which this site lists as Premium but Decipher filed under Common.
Bonus: The Fajo Collection really should be Premium (each binder has the same 18 cards), but Decipher referred to them as Super Rare, probably for marketing purposes.
As for Decipher not numbering them, they didn't number anything until The Trouble with Tribbles. (Remember they didn't do expansion icons either until First Contact.) The Enhanced Premiere promos did have numbers, 1 P through 21 P. (Extra bonus: Enhanced Premiere "Premium" cards were randomized!) They restarted the numbering for All Good Things, presumably because they treated it as a cohesive set, with its own expansion icon and everything. The bigger question is why they continued the numbering with the Enterprise Collection and just used the standard Premium icon.
Dr. Serova proved in 2370 that disastrous rifts occur in the fabric of space due to the excessive use of warp drive. Discovery led to a Federation-wide speed limit of warp 5.